Background:<\/strong> To measure the association of prematurity and non-preterm low birth weight (LBW) with several long-term health outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Methods:<\/strong> We selected adult participants from the Constances cohort. Associations between preterm birth (<37 weeks versus \u226537 weeks) and outcomes were measured using modified Poisson regression with adjustment for participant age and parental history. We used the same modeling methods to measure the association between LBW (i.e., <sex-specific 10th percentile) and outcomes in participants born \u2265 37 weeks. We tested for an interaction between exposures and sex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Results:<\/strong> Among 30,295 participants, preterm birth (5.2%) was associated with (RR[CI95]): obesity (1.25[1.08-1.46]), hypertriglyceridemia (1.23[1.07-1.42]), high LDL-cholesterol (1.16[1.05-1.28]), high blood pressure (HBP) (1.22[1.08-1.36]), metabolic syndrome (1.35[1.06-1.71]), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1.26[1.08-1.47]), allergic and atopic symptoms (1.06[1.01-1.12]), and lack of tertiary education (1.11[1.02-1.20]). Women had a significantly higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome. In non-preterm participants, LBW was associated with prediabetes\/diabetes (1.30[1.12-1.52]), HBP (1.22[(1.12-1.33]) and lack of tertiary education (1.13[1.07-1.20]), whereas the risk of obesity (0.83[0.73-0.95]) and abdominal obesity (0.84[0.76-0.93]) was reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusion:<\/strong> Preterm birth and non-preterm LBW are both risk factors for several adult outcomes. However, regarding excess fat storage, their long-term effect seems to be in the opposite direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Impact statement:<\/strong> Preterm birth is associated with a higher long-term risk of obesity, whereas low birth weight is not. This study improves the understanding of the common idea that low birth weight is associated with a long-term risk of obesity, whereas it might depend on the cause of low birth weight. These findings provide new insights into the difficult distinction between the long-term adverse health effects of preterm birth and low birth weight.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pediatr Res. 2025 Feb;97(2):577-585. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-8706","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n